[Effect of modified diet on lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients]

This study compares the effects of modified diets containing legumes on fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type II diabetes. In this randomized crossover trial, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes, age range of 50 to 80 years, were selected and randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving diets of therapeutic lifestyle change [controls] or the other, with therapeutic lifestyle change with legumes [replacing meat with 2 servings of legumes in their therapeutic lifestyle change diet, three days a week]. Period of each diet was 8 weeks with a 4 week wash out period. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure the fasting plasma glucose and blood lipid profiles [LDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C, total cholesterol]. Compared to the therapeutic lifestyle change diet, in the group with the therapeutic lifestyle change diet with legumes, diet were fasting insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased [P<0.05]. After 8 weeks intervention fasting plasma glucose and LDL cholesterol in both diets significantly reduced compared with baseline values [P<0.05], while, no significant change was observed in HDL cholesterol. Replacement of 2 servings of legumes instead of meat 3 days a week in the TLC diet resulted in improved total cholesterol and triglyceride levels

[Evaluation of accidents and incidents at injury registered in medical centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences [2012-2013]]

The purpose of this study is to investigate injuries resulting from accidents and incidents referred to medical centers and hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This study is a cross-sectional study. All cases admitted to hospitals' of Deputy of Health of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, due to accidents and injuries from March 2012 to March 2013 were reviewed. Categorization of accidents and injuries data was performed according to tenth version of international classification of diseases. SPSS V.18 was used for analysis of data. The main variables in this study, the type of incident, type of accident, accident location and background variables that were studied included: gender, age. Data collected by means of forms and software injury register by Hospital emergency department staff to interview and hospital records, were completed. In total, 248438 cases were reviewed. 67.7% were male and 32.3% were female. Traumas, traffic accidents and falls were major causes of accidents and injuries. Accidents and injuries were more prevalent in 15-25 years age group. Individuals living in urban areas sustained more injuries compared to individuals from rural areas. A total of 722 deaths were reported due to accidents and injuries. Research results indicate that traffic accidents constitute a large proportion of accident and injuries. Also, men, young people were the most victims of accidents and injuries. Training of different groups, including before and during recruitment, training mothers and elderly it seems to be useful. Further studies on the improvement of accidents and injuries software is suggested for access to complete and reliable data. Promoting Knowledge and training, especially in the younger age group, intervention to resolve the accident prone spots and technical defects is recommended to reduce traffic accidents.

Estimating the contribution of selected risk factors in attributable burden to stroke in Iran

Knowledge of the magnitude of avoidable burden by risk factors is needed for health policy, priority setting, and preventing stroke. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of selected risk factors including hypertension, overweight, obesity, tobacco use, and physical inactivity to the attributable burden of stroke in Iran. The World Health Organization Comparative Risk Assessment [CRA] methodology was employed to calculate the Potential Impact Fraction [PIF] and percentage of avoidable burden of stroke, which attributed to its risk factors among Iranian adults in 2009. Prevalence of risk factors was obtained from the 5th STEPS survey of chronic disease risk factors which conducted in 2009. PIF was estimated on both theoretical minimum and feasible minimum risk. A simulation procedure incorporating sources of uncertainty was used to estimate the uncertainties for the attributable burden. About 15.7% [95% uncertainty intervals: 5.8- 23.5] of attributable Disability Adjusted Life Years [DALYs] to stroke in adult males and 15.8% [95% uncertainty intervals: 5.8- 23.5] in adult females are avoidable after changing the current prevalence [16.0% and 16.1% for males and females, respectively] of hypertension to 10% in both sexes. This work highlighted the important role of hypertension and overweight. Accordingly, policy makers are advised to consider these risk factors once implementing interventional program in Iran

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of gram negative bacilli caused nosocomial infections in ICUs in khanevadeh and golestan hospital in Tehran -2007]

Between 5 and 10% of patients admitted to acute care hospitals acquire one or more infections, and the risks have steadily increased during recent decades. We conduct our study to determine the distribution of main gram-negative pathogens and their characteristics of drug susceptibility originating from nosocomial infections in the intensive care units. This cross sectional study was conducted on ICU patients of golestan and khanevadeh hospital affiliated to Army University of Medical Sciences from April 2007 to May 2008. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was achieved by disk-agar diffusion. Totally, 510 patients were admitted to ICU, 101 cases of nosocomial infections were identified. The most common isolated organism was E.coli [35/64%] followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae [24/75%]. The most frequent nosocomial infection was urinary tract infections [76/23%]. The level of resistance was observed for Acinetobacter baumannii strains to almost all antibiotic agents [100%]. However, microorganisms were less resistant to imipenem. The increased prevalence of resistant organism in ICU probably reflects lack of proper antibiotic policy resulting in prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agent

[ effect of isotretinoin on plasma homocysteine concentration of patients with acne vulgaris]

Isotretinoin [ISO] revolutionized the treatment of acne since 1980s and there after, severe forms of acne have been treated more effectively, with less residual cosmetic or psychological damage. The use of Isotretinoin is associated with significant side-effects such as mucocutaneous involvement, dyslipidemia and increased liver enzymes. The aim of study was the evaluation of homocysteine [Hey] levels and the responsible vitamins for its metabolism in patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris undergone ISO treatment. Forty-seven [n=47] patients with acne, prepared with liver function tests, folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine and serum lipids evaluations. Hey was evaluated before [Value 1] and on the 2[nd] month [value 2] of treatment with Isotretinoin [0.5 mg/kg/day], by HPLC methods. Hey levels [value 1: 11.8 +/- 5.3 micro mol/L vs. value 2: 13.6 +/- 7.4 micro mol/L; P<0.001] were statically significantly increased in patients treated with ISO. In addition, lipids and liver enzymes increased in mentioned group. However, there was no significant correlation between Hey levels, vitamins and liver enzymes. Elevated Hey levels in patients after 2 months on ISO treatment might be resulted from liver function disturbances. Folate supplementation along with frequent evaluations of Hey serum levels are strongly reconnnened for the prevention of a premature occlusive disease

Assessment of antimicrobial resistance of cultivable helicobacter-like organisms in asymptomatic dogs

This study was performed to detect cultivable canine gastric Helicobacter-like organisms [GHLO's] and to evaluate their sensitivity to common antibiotics in two groups of naturally infected dogs [pets and stray dogs]. Gastric samples were taken from the body and antrum of 30 pets and 30 stray dogs. From each part of canine gastric mucosa, four gastroscopic samples were used for impression smear, rapid urease test [RUT], polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and culture examination. 88.5% and 95% of gastric samples were positive for the presence of GHLO's in cytological and PCR examination, respectively. From 60 canine gastric cultures, successful growth happened in 17 cases. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed by disk method. All isolates of helicobacters were highly susceptible to polymyxin B,ampicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, erythromycin and gentamicin. Two isolated GHLO's were resistant to metronidazole. One strain also was resistant to amoxiclav, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin and oxytetracycline. This matter could show the resistance of some strains ofhelicobacters to different antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. With regards to the results of this study, it is recommended that antibiotic sensitivity test or use of concurrent different antibiotics be tried in the case of treatment resistance